All of the following would be excluded under Coverage D - Physical Damage of a Personal Automobile Policy, EXCEPT:

Under Coverage D - Physical Damage of a Personal Automobile Policy, the objective is to provide protection against physical damage to the insured vehicle. Within this coverage, permanently installed phones are considered part of the vehicle and, therefore, typically covered under this policy. This is because they are an integral part of the automobile's equipment.

In contrast, rental car reimbursement is generally associated with loss of use rather than physical damage to the vehicle itself. Towing charges, while they may relate to an incident that causes damage, often are handled under roadside assistance coverage rather than physical damage coverage. Vehicle theft is explicitly covered under other aspects of the policy, but it doesn't concern physical damage to the vehicle that Coverage D focuses on.

Thus, the inclusion of permanently installed phones aligns with the intent of protecting the insured's vehicle and its components, validating that this answer accurately reflects what is covered under Coverage D.